Gastroenteritis (Diarrhea & Vomiting) in Children
Overview
Gastroenteritis, commonly known as stomach flu, is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines that causes diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps in children. Viral infections are the most frequent cause, though bacteria or parasites can also be responsible. While gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting, prompt hydration and medical care are essential to prevent complications, especially in young children.
- Symptoms of Gastroenteritis
- Frequent watery diarrhea
- Vomiting and nausea
- Abdominal cramps or bloating
- Fever and fatigue
- Dehydration signs: dry mouth, sunken eyes, reduced urine output
- Loss of appetite
When to See a Doctor
Parents should consult a pediatrician if:
- Symptoms persist for more than 24–48 hours
- Signs of dehydration appear
- Vomiting is severe, continuous, or contains blood or bile
- High fever or lethargy is present
- The child is under 6 months old or has underlying health conditions
Causes and Risk Factors
- Viral infections: Rotavirus, norovirus (most common)
- Bacterial infections: Salmonella, E. coli, Shigella
- Parasitic infections: Giardia lamblia
- Contaminated food or water: Poor hygiene, unsafe water sources
- Close contact: Exposure to infected individuals at school or daycare
- Weakened immunity: Infants and malnourished children are at higher risk
Diagnosis
At Ankura Hospitals, pediatricians diagnose gastroenteritis through:
- Clinical evaluation of symptoms and hydration status
- Stool tests in severe or persistent cases
- Blood tests to assess electrolyte imbalance or infection
- Identifying dietary or environmental triggers
Treatment Options
- Hydration therapy: Oral rehydration solutions (ORS) or intravenous fluids if needed
- Dietary management: Gradual reintroduction of bland foods like rice, bananas, and yogurt
- Medications: Anti-nausea or antibiotics only when indicated
- Monitoring: Tracking fluid intake, urine output, and weight
- Supportive care: Rest, adequate nutrition, and infection prevention measures
Home Care & Prevention
- Provide small, frequent sips of ORS or water
- Avoid sugary drinks that can worsen diarrhea
- Maintain hand hygiene and clean utensils thoroughly
- Ensure proper food storage and preparation
- Vaccination for rotavirus to prevent viral gastroenteritis
- Monitor for signs of dehydration and seek timely medical care
Why Choose Ankura Hospitals
- Experienced pediatricians specialized in gastrointestinal disorders
- Advanced diagnostic facilities to accurately identify infections
- Personalized treatment plans focusing on hydration, nutrition, and recovery
- Child-friendly environment to reduce stress and improve compliance
- Ongoing guidance for parents on diet, hygiene, and prevention
Frequently Asked Questions
Our healthcare specialists are equipped with the knowledge and skills to provide you with the support you require. From consultation to diagnosis to treatments, our experts are dedicated to helping you.