Breast Cancer Screening

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The Need for Screening

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, but early detection through regular screening can greatly improve survival rates. Women should consider screenings based on their risk factors, and consulting breast care specialists can help determine the right schedule. Screening is recommended even for individuals who have no symptoms. All women should begin screening around the age of 40. Those with a family history of cancer may need to start screening earlier. In addition to screening tests, all women should routinely perform breast self-examinations every month, ideally around the 5th day after menstruation.

Methods of Breast Cancer Screening

Various screening methods are used to detect breast cancer at an early stage. Each method has its advantages and is recommended based on individual risk factors.
Ultrasound
  • Uses sound waves to create images of breast tissue.
  • Helps differentiate between fluid-filled cysts and solid masses.
  • Useful for assessing breast tissue, especially in women with dense breasts.
  • Can guide biopsies for precise sampling of suspicious areas.
  • Evaluates lymph nodes under the arm to help determine the stage of breast cancer.

Mammography

Screening Mammogram
  • A low-dose X-ray imaging technique used to detect breast changes in women with no symptoms.
  • Typically involves two X-rays of each breast.
  • Can detect tumors that are too small to be felt.

Diagnostic Mammogram
  • Used to evaluate unusual breast changes like lumps, pain, nipple discharge, or shape changes.
  • Helps assess abnormalities detected on a screening mammogram.
  • Essential for diagnosing breast conditions in women over 30 with symptoms like skin thickening, nipple retraction, or persistent pain.
  • Recommended for women with dense, lumpy, or large breasts where physical exams may be challenging.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Uses powerful magnets and radio waves to produce highly detailed images.
  • Recommended for high-risk women, such as those with a strong family history or genetic mutations.
  • Can detect cancers that may not be visible on mammograms.
  • Often combined with mammograms for enhanced detection.
  • May be used after a biopsy confirms cancer to determine its extent and check for issues in the other breast.

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